Welding is an essential trade that requires precision, technical skill, and an understanding of safety precautions. While most welders are aware of physical hazards like burns and sparks, one common risk that deserves attention is arc eye, also known as “welder’s flash.” But what exactly is arc eye, and how can you prevent or treat it? Here’s a comprehensive guide for welders to protect their vision and work safely.
What Is Arc Eye?
Arc eye is a painful eye condition caused by the UV (ultraviolet) radiation emitted by a welding arc. Prolonged or unprotected exposure to this intense light can damage the cornea—the thin, clear layer covering the front of the eye.
Think of it like a sunburn, but for your cornea. Although arc eye is temporary, it can be incredibly uncomfortable, impair your vision, and, without proper precautions, increase the risk of long-term eye damage.
Symptoms of Arc Eye
Signs of arc eye may not appear immediately but usually develop within a few hours of exposure. Common symptoms include:
- Eye pain ranging from mild irritation to severe discomfort.
- Sensitivity to light or photophobia, making it difficult to look at bright objects or light sources.
- A gritty or foreign body sensation in the eyes.
- Excessive tearing or watery eyes.
- Blurred vision or difficulty focusing.
- Redness and swelling around the eye.
If you’re noticing these symptoms after a welding session, there’s a high chance you’re dealing with arc eye.
How Does Arc Eye Happen?
When you weld, the electric arc generates UV radiation, which can harm unprotected eyes. Even brief exposure to the arc’s intense light can result in arc eye, which is why protective eyewear is essential.
Additionally, light reflecting off nearby surfaces like metal or glass can also expose your eyes to UV radiation, even if you’re not directly looking at the welding arc. Keep this in mind when working in confined spaces or near reflective materials.
What to Do About Arc Eye
If you suspect you have arc eye, you must act quickly to ease your symptoms and prevent complications. Here’s what to do:
- Rest Your Eyes
Stop working and rest in a low-light or dark room to avoid further irritation. Keeping your eyes closed can alleviate some discomfort.
- Avoid Touching Your Eyes
Rubbing or scratching your eyes can worsen the damage or introduce bacteria, leading to infection.
- Use Artificial Tears
Over-the-counter lubricating eye drops (not redness-reducing eye drops) can help relieve dryness or irritation.
- Apply a Cool Compress
Use a soft, clean cloth soaked in cold water. Place it gently over your closed eyes to soothe the burning sensation.
- Pain Relief
Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or paracetamol can reduce inflammation and alleviate pain.
- Seek Medical Attention
If symptoms persist for over 24 hours or worsen, see an eye doctor immediately. Severe cases may require antibiotic drops or other treatments to prevent infection and complications.
Preventing Arc Eye
While arc eye is treatable, prevention is always better than cure. Follow these steps to protect your eyes:
1. Invest in a High-Quality Welding Helmet
A proper welding helmet with an auto-darkening filter (ADF) protects your eyes and face. Look for helmets that meet industry safety standards (like ANSI Z87.1).
2. Use the Correct Shade
Select the appropriate shade level for your welding activity. Using a lens too light may expose your eyes to dangerous UV radiation, while a lens too dark can reduce visibility and precision.
3. Wear Safety Goggles
If you’re grinding, cutting, or working near others welding, wear UV-rated safety goggles to protect your eyes from indirect UV rays and flying debris.
4. Set Up Safe Workspaces
Avoid reflective surfaces in your work area, or use non-reflective covers when possible. This helps minimize the chance of stray UV rays entering your eyes.
5. Educate Yourself and Others
Make safety a team effort. Educate fellow welders about the dangers of arc eye and how to use protective gear correctly.
Long-Term Risks of Repeated Arc Eye
While occasional cases of arc eye typically heal without long-term effects, repeated exposure to UV radiation can have more serious consequences. Chronic exposure can lead to cataracts, corneal damage, and even skin cancer around the eye area. Taking eye safety seriously not only protects your vision but also ensures your longevity in such a skilled and vital trade.
Take Care of Your Vision
Arc eye is a preventable condition, but it requires diligence and the right protective measures. Your eyes are your most valuable tool as a welder—protecting them should always be your top priority.
If you experience symptoms of arc eye, treat them promptly and consult a professional if necessary. And remember, investing in high-quality protective gear is an investment in both your safety and your career.
Weld smart, weld safe, and keep your eyes on the prize!
